Table of Contents

Part 1 Engineering Thermodynamics
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Energy 1
1.1.1 Definition of energy 1
1.1.2 Main forms of energy 1
1.1.3 Properties of energy 2
1.2 Energy source 3
1.2.1 Definition of energy sources 3
1.2.2 Classification of energy sources 3
1.2.3 Hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology 9
1.2.4 Advanced coal to chemicals industry (ACCI) 10
1.2.5 Solar photovoltaic technology 11
1.2.6 Distributed energy supply technology 12
1.3 Conversion and utilization of energy 12
1.4 Research contents of fundamentals of thermal engineering 14
1.4.1 Engineering thermodynamics 14
1.4.2 Heat transfer 14
Exercises 15
Answers 15
Chapter 2 Basic concepts 17
2.1 Review: introduction 17
2.2 Introduction to the basic concept 17
2.3 Thermodynamic system 17
2.3.1 Important concepts and definitions 17
2.3.2 Classification of thermodynamic systems 18
2.4 Equilibrium state and state parameters 19
2.4.1 Basic quantities of state 19
2.4.2 Basic state parameters for description 20
2.5 Equation of state and state parameter coordinate diagram 21
2.6 Quasi-static process and reversible process 22
2.6.1 Quasi-equilibrium process (quasi-static process) 22
2.6.2 Engineering application of quasi-static process 24
2.6.3 Reversible process 24
2.7 Work and heat 25
2.7.1 Work and indicator diagram 25
2.7.2 Heat， entropy， and thermogram 26
2.7.3 Thermodynamic cycle 27
2.8 Summary 28
Exercises 29
Answers 29
Chapter 3 First law of thermodynamics 31
3.1 Review: basic concepts 31
3.2 Introduction to the first law of thermodynamics 31
3.3 Storage energy of thermal system 31
3.4 The essence of the first law of thermodynamics 32
3.5 The expression of the first law of thermodynamics for closed system 33
3.5.1 Fundamental thermodynamic relation 33
3.5.2 Two expressions of the first law of thermodynamics for closed system 33
3.6 Stable flow energy equation of open system 35
3.6.1 Definition of stable flow 35
3.6.2 Push work and flow work 35
3.6.3 Energy equation 36
3.6.4 Technical work 38
3.6.5 Unsteady flow process 39
3.7 The application of stable flow energy equation 39
3.7.1 Simplification of stable flow energy equation 39
3.7.2 Power machine and compressor 40
3.7.3 Heat exchanger (heat exchange equipment) 41
3.7.4 Adiabatic throttling 44
3.8 Summary 44
3.8.1 Essence 44
3.8.2 Energy equation 44
3.8.3 Process quantity and state quantity 45
Exercises 47
Answers 47
Chapter 4 Property and process of the ideal gas 49
4.1 Review: first law of thermodynamics 49
4.2 Introduction to property and process of the ideal gas 49
4.3 Ideal gas state equation 49
4.3.1 Ideal gas 49
4.3.2 Ideal gas state equation 50
4.4 Thermal capacity， thermodynamic energy， entropy， and enthalpy of ideal gases 51
4.4.1 Definition of thermal capacity 51
4.4.2 Specific heat capacity at constant pressure and specific heat capacity at constant volume of ideal gas 52
4.4.3 Calculation of the heat capacity of the ideal gas 53
4.4.4 Linear relationship of average heat capacity 54
4.5 Thermodynamics， entropy， and enthalpy of ideal gases 54
4.6 Ideal gas mixture 56
4.6.1 Partial pressure and Dalton’s law 56
4.6.2 Partial volume and partial volume law 57
4.6.3 Ingredients of mixed gases 57
4.6.4 Specific heat capacity of mixed gas 59
4.7 Purpose of thermal process of ideal gas 59
4.7.1 The basis for studying the thermal process 60
4.7.2 The process of constant volume 60
4.7.3 The process of constant pressure 63
4.7.4 The process of constant temperature 64
4.7.5 Adiabatic process 65
4.7.6 Polytropic process 66
4.8 Summary 71
Exercises 72
Answers 73
Chapter 5 Second law of thermodynamics 76
5.1 Review: the first law of thermodynamics 76
5.2 Introduction to the second law of thermodynamics 76
5.3 The direction of spontaneous process and the expression of the second law of thermodynamics 76
5.3.1 Directionality and irreversibility of thermal process 76
5.3.2 The expression of the second law of thermodynamics 78
5.4 Carnot cycle and Carnot theorem 80
5.4.1 Thermodynamic cycle 80
5.4.2 Carnot cycle 81
5.4.3 Carnot theorem 83
5.5 Entropy 85
5.5.1 Derivation of entropy 85
5.5.2 Clausius inequality and entropy change of irreversible process 87
5.5.3 Expression of entropy in Clausius inequality and Clausius equality 87
5.6 Summary 90
Exercises 90
Answers 91
Chapter 6 Water vapor and wet air 93
6.1 Review: gaseous working medium 93
6.2 Review: water vapor 93
6.3 Water vapor generation process 93
6.3.1 Basic concepts 93
6.3.2 Isobaric heating process of water (five states) 94
6.4 State parameters of water vapor 96
6.4.1 Determination of the state parameters of the wet saturated steam zone 97
6.4.2 Water and water vapor meters 98
6.5 ...