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Preface
The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC），the Chinese people overcame all types of difficulties and facil-itated the rapid development and progress of contemporary China.Every key historical achievement of reform and opening-up could not be isolated from the underlying policy process.
The development of reform and opening-up mirrored the evolu-tion of China's decision-making process. In 1982，the Central Com-mittee of the CPC replied and forwarded Minutes of the National Ru-ral Work Conference，thereby consolidating the Household Contract Responsibility System. In 1993，the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the CPC adopted Decision of the CentralCommittee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Con-cerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economy，which for-mulated the overall plan of the socialist market economy. In 2002，upon the basic judgment on China's development，the 16th National Congress of CPC Central Committee put forward the goal of a moder-ately prosperous society in all respects. In 2013，the 18th CPC Cen-tral Committee reviewed and adopted Decision of the Central Com-mittee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Con-cerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform on its the Third Ple-nary Session and established a leading group for comprehensively deepening reform，pushing reform，and opening-up into a new histor-ical period. Over 1，500 measures had been taken to comprehensive-ly deepen reform by 2017. The decision-making process at the central level has crucially influenced the direction of China's reform and opening-up，and this process is the fundamental reason why China has been constantly emphasizing scientific and democratic decision-making，improving the decision-making consultation sys-tem，and strengthening the development of New-Type Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics.
With the deepening of reform and opening-up，the complex and changeable international environment and domestic governance situa-tion that China is facing also pose higher requirements for the mo dernization of the national governance system and governance capaci-ty. Chinese think tanks，which have been playing an important advi-sory role in the government policy process since the beginning of re-form and opening-up，are bound to adapt to the upgrading of the deci-sion-making needs of the government. In April 2013，General Secre-tary Xi Jinping gave important written comments，asking to attach great importance to and actively explore the organizational forms and management modes of New-Type Think Tanks with Chinese Charac-teristics.
