Table of Contents

1.　Stress and Strain　1
1.1　Internal loadings　1
1.2　Average normal stress in an axially loaded bar　3
1.3　Average shear stress in connections　5
1.4　Normal strain and shear strain　9
2.　Mechanical Properties of Materials　11
3.　Axial Load　15
3.1　Elastic deformation of an axially loaded member　15
3.2　Displacement calculation　16
3.3　Statically indeterminate axially loaded members　21
3.4　Strain energy in an axially loaded member　39
4.　Torsion　42
4.1　Torsional stress　42
4.2　Torsional deformation　44
4.3　Statically indeterminate torque-loaded members　45
4.4　Strain energy in a torque-loaded member　48
5.　Internal Loadings in Bending　50
5.1　Shear and moment functions　50
5.2　Shear and moment diagrams　53
6.　Bending Stresses　62
6.1　Normal stress in bending　62
6.2　Shear stress in bending　66
6.3　Bending strength　76
6.4　Unsymmetric bending　79
6.5　Composite beams　87
6.6　Curved beams　95
6.7　Inelastic deformation and residual stress　99
7.　Combined Loadings　109
7.1　Thin-walled vessels　109
7.2　Eccentric tension and compression　110
7.3　State of stress caused by combined loadings　113
8.　Stress and Strain Transformation　121
8.1　Plane-stress transformation　121
8.2　Absolute maximum shear stress　129
8.3　Material-property relationships　131
8.4　Theories of failures　144
9.　Deflection of Beams　150
9.1　The elastic curve　150
9.2　Slope and displacement by integration　154
9.3　Method of superposition　157
9.4　Statically indeterminate beams　163
9.5　Stain energy of beams　166
10.　Buckling of Columns　170
10.1　Critical loads of columns　170
10.2　Buckling of statically indeterminate structures　177
10.3　Design of columns　179
11.　Energy Method　186
11.1　Strain energy and work　186
11.2　Displacement calculation by energy method　187
11.3　Energy method applied to statically indeterminate problems　192
11.4　Impact loadings　193
Appendix　Geometric Properties of an Area　202
A.1　Centroid of an area　202
A.2　Moment of inertia and product of inertia for an area　203
A.3　Principal moment of inertia　206