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Questions and Answers on Modern Chinese Lexicology
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Questions and Answers on Modern Chinese Lexicology
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Author:
Li Ying
;
Lu Jianming
;
Language:
Chinese
Page:
256
Publication Date:
10/2014
ISBN:
9787301249765
Publisher:
Peking University Press
Details
《现代汉语词汇答问》主要介绍汉语教学必需的词汇方面的基本知识,分析汉语教学过程中可能会出现的种种问题,有助于读者掌握解决这些问题所应具备的相关知识与能力。编写体例一改传统的编写方式,采用答问方式编写,从汉语教师可能会提出或存在的问题出发设置内容,具有很强的针对性、实用性和一定的理论性。
Editor's Recommendation
《现代汉语词汇答问》具有很强的针对性、实用性和一定的理论性。
About Author
陆俭明,本套丛书主编,著名语言学家,北京大学中文系教授。李英,中山大学国际交流学院副教授,主要研究方向:现代汉语,第二语言教学。
Table of Contents
第一节词汇单位与现代汉语词汇的构成
第二节现代汉语词汇的特点和系统性
第三节现代汉语的词义构成与词义分析
第四节词汇教学的任务和基本原则
第五节课堂上的词汇教学
第六节难点词汇的教学
第七节综合课和口语课的词汇教学
第八节阅读课和听力课的词汇教学
Sample Pages Preview
1.本义
本义是有文献记载的词的最初的意义,它是这个词产生其他意义的基础。如“轨道”的本义是“遵循法制”,《汉书·贾谊传》:“乐与今同,而加之诸侯轨道,兵革不动……”
很多词的本义已经消失,在一般词典中也不再把它列为义项。如前面所说的“轨道”。但在阅读古籍时,就必须了解词的本义。这可借助工具书,如查阅《辞源》《汉语大字典》《汉语大词典》《说文解字》等辞书。有些词的本义保留至今,但已不能独立运用,只作为语素义义项存在,出现在所构成的合成词或固定结构中。如“兵”的本义“兵器”,还存在于成语“短兵相接、秣马厉兵”等之中。有一部分词的本义,到现在仍然是最常用最主要的意义,在这种情况下,词的本义和基本义就一致了。如“割”的本义是“用刀截断”,《左传·襄公三十一年》有“犹未能操刀而使割也”,这一本义也是“割”的基本义,现在我们还常说“割麦子、割肉”。
2.基本义
基本义是多义词在现代最为常用、最为主要的概念意义。
有的词本义和基本义一致,如“老、圆、浪花”。也有很多词,本义和基本义不一致,如“兵”的本义是“兵器”,基本义是“士兵”;“强”的本义是“弓有力”,基本义是“力量大”。因此,所谓基本义是就应用而言的,而不是就来源而言的。
词的基本义是词义义项,不能是语素义义项。在现代汉语的语文性词典中,基本义一般列为第一义项,也有少数词典把本义列为第一义项,第二义项才是基本义。
3.引申义和比喻义
语言系统的矛盾之一来自符号的有限性和语义的无限性,随着人们认知范围的不断扩大,对客观世界和主观世界探索的不断深人,语言系统通过比喻、引申等方式,使旧有词的意义适当增加,形成了词的引申义和比喻义。
Questions and Answers on Modern Chinese Lexicology
$7.60