Fundamentals and principles of hydrometallurgical processes are described in this book. The basic concept of hydrometallurgy and the overview of nuneral processing technologies are first introduced. The basic principles on leaching, separation and purification, and recovery of metals is elucidated in detail. In the section of leaching, the thermodynamics and kinetics of various leaching processes, especially construction of Eh-pH diagram and kinetics modelling are introduced； In the section of separation and purification, the thermodynamics and kinetics behind solvent extraction, ion-ex-change resin, and adsorption by activated carbon are discussed； In the section of re-covery, the basic principles of cementation and electrowinning especially the electro-chemical theory are the emphasis. The relevant application of these principles in devel-oping extractive metals or metal products from ore or intermediate materials is also dis-cussed. The practice of leaching including various leaching methods is also focused.The book is aiming to help students of metallurgy majors or scholars in related fields to major in metallurgy or relevant fields to understand the basic principles of hydrometal-lurgy.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Hydrometallurgical Processes
1.2 Feed Materials
1.2.1 Primary Resources
1.2.2 Secondary Resources
1.3 Overview of Mineral Processing
1.3.1 Size Reduction and Liberation
1.3.2 Size Separation
1.3.3 Concentration
1.3.4 Dewatering
2 Solution Chemistry
2.1 Ions in Solution
2.1.1 Ion Solvation
2.1.2 Acid-base Behavior
2.1.3 Metal Complexation
2.2 Ion Activity
2.2.1 Ideal Solution
2.2.2 Activity Coefficients
2.2.3 Estimation of Ionic Activity Coefficients
3 Leaclung
3.1 Thermodynamics
3.1.1 Equilibrium of Chemical Reactions
3.1.2 Principles of Electrode Potential
3.1.3 Construction of Eh-pH Diagrams
3.2 Leaching Kinetics
3.2.1 Reaction Rate
3.2.2 Modelling of Leaching Kinetics
3.2.3 Electrochemical Mechanism
3.3 Leaching Methods
3.3.1 In Situ Leaching
3.3.2 Dump and Heap Leaching
3.3.3 Percolation Leaching
3.3.4 Agitation Leaching
4 Separation and Purification
4.1 Chemical Precipitation
4.1.1 Solubility
4.1.2 Precipitation of Metal Hydroxides
4.1.3 Precipitation of Metal Sulfides
4.1.4 Other Chemical Precipitation Processes
4.2 Solvent Extraction
4.2.1 The Partition Law
4.2.2 Solvent Extraction Mechanism
4.2.3 Practice of Solvent Extraction
4.3 Ion Exchange Resin
4.3.1 Chemistry of Ion Exchange
4.3.2 Practice of Ion Exchange Process
4.4 Activated Carbon
4.4.1 Chemistry of Carbon Adsorption
4.4.2 Practice of Carbon Adsorption
5 Recovery
5.1 Cementation
5.1.1 Cementation Chemistry
5.1.2 Cementation Process
5.2 Electrowinning
5.2.1 Electrowinning Chemistry
5.2.2 Electrowinning Practice
5.3 Electrorefining
References
