Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology: Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine Iby Li Maoxing ISBN: 9787030456397

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About Author

Maoxing Li，Ph. D and associate professor of the Key Labo-ratory of the Plateau of the Environmental Damage Controlof PLA, Lanzhou General Hospital; visiting scholar of Uni-versity of Illinois at Chicago. Worked in pharmacognosy andphytotherapy for twenty years, and especially in screeningthe activity of components from natural products or Tradi-tional Chinese Medicinal Herbs. Published more than 130peer-reviewed research and review papers in refereed scientific journals.

Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1 Ethnopharmacology， phytochemistry and pharmacology of Leonurus japonicus Houtt
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Botany and ethnopharmacology
1.2.1 Botany
1.2.2 Ethnopharmacology
1.3 Phytochemistry
1.3.1 Alkaloids
1.3.2 Diterpenes
1.3.3 Flavones
1.3.4 Spirocyclic nortriterpenoids
1.3.5 Sesquiterpene glycosides
1.3.6 Megastigma
1.3.7 Phenylethanoid glycosides
1.3.8 Nonapeptides
1.3.9 Essential oils
1.3.10 Others
1.4 Pharmacology
1.4.1 Effects of chemical compounds
1.4.2 Effects of crude extract
1.5 Analysis of active constituents and quality control
1.6 Toxicity
1.7 Conclusion
1.8 Acknowledgements
1.9 References
Chapter 2 Ethnopharmacology， phytochemistry and pharmacology of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Botanical description and ethnopharmacology
2.3 Phytochemistry
2.3.1 Lignans
2.3.2 Iridoids
2.3.3 Phenolics
2.3.4 Steroid and terpenoids
2.3.5 Flavonoids
2.3.6 Other compounds
2.3.7 Variance of major components
2.4 Biological activities
2.4.1 Anti—hypertensive activity
2.4.2 Hypolipidemic activity
2.4.3 Anti—obesity activity
2.4.4 Anti—diabetic activity
2.4.5 Effect on bone metabolism
2.4.6 Anti—inflammatory， anti—viral and anti—bacterial activities
2.4.7 Neuroprotective activity
2.4.8 Antioxidative activity
2.4.9 Improving erectile function
2.4.10 Anti—fatigue activity
2.4.11 Anti—aging activity
2.4.12 Anti—tumor activity
2.4.13 Hepatoprotective activity
2.4.14 Enhancing immune—function
2.5 Toxicity
2.6 Future perspectives and conclusion
2.7 Acknowledgements
2.8 Reference
Chapter 3 Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Pedicularis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Chemical constituents
3.3 Iridoid glycosides
3.4 Phenylpropanoid glycosides
3.5 Lignan glycosides
3.6 Flavonoids
3.7 Alkaloids
3.8 Othercompounds
3.9 Biological activity
3.10 Anti—tumor activity
3.11 Antioxidative activity
3.12 Antihemolysis activity
3.13 Repair effects on DNA damage
3.14 Hepatoprotective activity
3.15 Improving the spleen asthenia symptoms
3.16 Anti—fatigue activity
3.17 Improving learning and memory
3.18 Antibacterial activity
3.19 Other activities
3.20 Conclusions
3.21 Acknowledgement
3.22 References
Chapter 4 Ethnopharmacological and phytochenucal review of genusEpimedium
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Botanical description and distribution
4.3 Ethnopharmacological use
4.4 Chemical constituents
4.4.1 Flavonoids
4.4.2 Lignans
4.4.3 Ionones
4.4.4 Phenol glycosides
4.4.5 Phenethyl alcohol glycosides
4.4.6 Sesquiterpenes
4.4.7 Other compounds
4.5 Methods of quality control
4.6 Biological activity
4.6.1 Treatment of sexual dysfunction （ aphrodisiac， kidney tonic）
4.6.2 Effect on bone metabolism
4.6.3 Effect on the immune system
4.6.4 Effect on the cardiovascular system
4.6.5 Anti—tumor effects
4.6.6 Anti—aging and anti—oxidation effects
4.6.7 Anti—hypoxia and anti—fatigue effects
4.6.8 Anti—inflammatory， anti—virus and anti—bacterial activities
4.6.9 Hepatoprotective
4.7 Clinical studies
4.8 Processing
4.9 Side effects and acute toxicity
4.10 Conclusion
4.11 References
Chapter 5 Ethnopharmacology， phytochenustry and pharmacology of
Lonicera japonica Thunb
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Botany and ethnopharmacology
5.2.1 Botany
5.2.2 Ethnopharmacology
5.3 Phytochemistry
5.3.1 Essentialoils
5.3.2 Organic acids
5.3.3 Flavones
5.3.4 Iridoids
5.3.5 Saponins
5.3.6 Other compounds
5.4 Effects of crude extract
5.4.1 Anti—inflammatory activity
5.4.2 Antiviral activity
5.4.3 Antibacterial activity
5.4.4 Antioxidant activity
5.4.5 Hepatoprotective
5.4.6 Anti—tumor activity
5.4.7 Insecticidal and acaricidal activities
5.4.8 Anti—pregnant activity
5.4.9 Antihyperlipidemic and antithrombotic activities
5.4.10 Anti—lipase activity
5.5 Application on veterinary and agriculture
5.5.1 Application on veterinary
5.5.2 Cadmium—hyperaccumulator
5.6 Preparations， the qualitative and quantitative analysis
5.7 Acute and subacute toxicity
5.8 Conclusion
5.9 Acknowledgements
5.10 Reference
Chapter 6 Ethnopharmacological and phytochenucal review of genus Scutellaria
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biology and ethnopharmacology
6.3 Phytochemistry
6.3.1 Flavonoids
6.3.2 Phenylethanoid glycosides
6.3.3 Iridoid glycosides
6.3.4 Diterpenes
6.3.5 Triterpenoids
6.3.6 Neo—Clerodane diterpenoid alkaloids
6.3.7 Alkaloids
6.3.8 Essential oils
6.3.9 Other compounds
6.4 Qualitative and quantitative analysis
6.5 Effects of crude extract
6.5.1 Antitumor
6.5.2 Anti angiogenesis
6.5.3 Hepatoprotective
6.5.4 Antioxidant
6.5.5 Anticonvulsant
6.5.6 Antibacterial and antiviral
6.5.7 Neuroprotective effects and memory improvement
6.6 Conclusion
6.7 References
……
Chapter 7 Botany， chenustry and pharmacology review of Rehmannia glutinosa
Chapter 8 Phytochemical and biological studies of plants from the Genus Oxytropis
Chapter 9 Phytochemical and biological studies of plants from the Genus Phlomis
Chapter 10 The genus Patrinia ： Ethnopharmacology， phytochem—istry， and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine

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2.4.6Anti—inflammatory， anti—viral and anti—bacterial activities
Crude extracts of Eucommia ulmoides bark exhibit anti—inflammatory effects and thus may serve as a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.Aqueous extracts of Eucommia ulmoides signiflcantly suppressed COX—2 enzyme with IC50 = 9.92 μg／ml，although this effect was less potent than common synthetic non—steroidal anti—inflammatory drugs （ Kim， et al.， 2009）.In lipopolysaccharide（ LPS，1μg／ml） —induced responses of mouse peritoneal macrophages.the Eucommiae cortex（0.1and 0.5 mg／ml）inhibited production of tumor necrosis factor—α， interleukin—6， cyclooxigenase—2， prostaglandin E and nitric oxide （ Kim et al.， 2012 ）.
Crude polysaccharides isolated from the stem bark of Eucommia ulmoide.s have also been shown to exert beneficial effects on lupus—like syndrome induced by CJ—S （131）in mice.In BALB／c mice immunized with CJ—S（ 1.31）in Freund's complete adjuvant，intragestric ad— ministration of crude polysaccharides from the stem bark of Eucommia ulmoides （ 15 and ；30 mg／kg／d for 5 weeks） protected against glomerular injury by reducing immunoglobulin deposition， lowering proteinuria and inhibiting the production of serum autoantibodies and total immunoglobulin G （ Jiang et al.， 2011）.
Daily intake of alkaline extracts of Eucommia ulmoides tea and／or Eucommia ulmoides extracts may suppress HIV infection.Eucommia ulmoides may be a new efficacious drug for AIDS.

Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology: Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine I

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Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology: Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine I

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