A companion piece to Building Chinese Language Through Listening and Speaking: Introduction, this book is suitable for learners that have preliminary listening and speaking skills, have mastered simple sentence patterns and about 400 characters. Building Chinese Language Through Listening and Speaking may be used as a stand-alone teaching material for listening and speaking, or used together with Building Chinese Language through Reading and Writing: Basics.
（四）“V+上”。表示在动作完成后，物体合拢或一方贴附在另一方上。例如： “V+shang”.It means that after an action has been completed， two objects are closed or one object is attached to the other.For example： 9.老师关上窗户了。 10.同学们，请你们合上书。 11.请写上你的名字。 （五）“V+成”。表示因为某种疏忽，造成某种错误。例如： “V+ cheng”.It means that some mistakes are caused because of some carelessness.For example： 12.“休息”的“休”，我看成“身体”的“体”了。 13.他想说“没关系”，但是说成“不客气”了。 二、“先……，然后……”。“Xian...，ranhou...”. 强调动作发生的先后顺序，等同于“先……，再……”。例如： It emphasizes the chronological order of actions， and is equal to“xian…，zai…”. For example： 1.老师来到教室以后，先打开电脑，然后开始上课。 2.下课以后，我先去吃饭，然后回房间休息。 三、“除了”。Chule". “除了”常与副词“都”“也”“还”配合使用，构成三种形式。
